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Modified Comparative Negligence - 51% Fault Bar Under Pennsylvania Law

Negligence Law

Modified Comparative Negligence (51% Bar)

Pennsylvania follows modified comparative negligence with a 51% bar (Section 7102 PA General Assembly). Plaintiff can recover if 50% or less at fault; damages reduced proportionally. If plaintiff is 51% or more at fault, recovery is completely barred. Defendant bears burden of proving comparative negligence.

Damage Caps

No Cap

No limit on non-economic damages

Statute of Limitations

2 years for personal injury

Deadline to file your lawsuit

Understanding Pennsylvania's Negligence Law

What is Modified Comparative Negligence (51% Bar)?

Pennsylvania follows modified comparative negligence with a 51% bar (Section 7102 PA General Assembly). Plaintiff can recover if 50% or less at fault; damages reduced proportionally. If plaintiff is 51% or more at fault, recovery is completely barred. Defendant bears burden of proving comparative negligence.

Example:

If plaintiff is 30% at fault for $100k damages, they recover $70,000. If plaintiff is 51% or more at fault, they recover $0.

Damage Caps in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania does not impose general caps on compensatory damages

Personal Injury Statistics in Pennsylvania

Average Settlement

$0

Based on reported cases in Pennsylvania

Cases Filed Annually

16,933

Personal injury lawsuits per year

In-Depth Guide to Pennsylvania Personal Injury Law

Notable Pennsylvania Personal Injury Cases
Landmark cases that shaped Pennsylvania law

Pennsylvania's courts have produced significant personal injury precedents. The Waddington v. Sarausad decisions helped shape Pennsylvania's approach to jury instructions on comparative negligence, ensuring clear guidance on how juries should apportion fault between parties.

Pennsylvania has been central to mass tort litigation, particularly asbestos cases. The Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas has handled thousands of asbestos claims, with verdicts sometimes exceeding $20 million for mesothelioma victims. Pittsburgh courts have similarly handled substantial industrial injury litigation.

The case of Tincher v. Omega Flex (2014) significantly changed Pennsylvania product liability law, rejecting strict application of the Restatement (Second) of Torts § 402A and requiring courts to consider both consumer expectations and risk-utility balancing in design defect cases.

Recent major verdicts include a $8 billion verdict against Johnson & Johnson in a Philadelphia case involving the antipsychotic drug Risperdal (later reduced but still substantial). Pennsylvania juries, particularly in Philadelphia, have historically been favorable to plaintiffs in pharmaceutical litigation.

Filing a Lawsuit in Pennsylvania
Court procedures and requirements

Pennsylvania personal injury cases are filed in the Court of Common Pleas, the state's trial-level court with general jurisdiction. Each of Pennsylvania's 67 counties has its own Court of Common Pleas. Philadelphia and Allegheny County (Pittsburgh) handle the highest volume of civil cases.

Pennsylvania uses a case management track system in many counties, categorizing cases by complexity. Standard track cases have preset discovery deadlines, while complex cases receive individualized management. Philadelphia has special programs for mass tort cases including separate tracks for pharmaceutical and asbestos litigation.

The state requires Certificate of Merit in professional liability cases, requiring attorney certification that an appropriate expert has reviewed the case and believes there's a basis for the claim. This must be filed within 60 days of the complaint.

Discovery follows the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, including depositions, interrogatories, and document production. Compulsory arbitration is required in many counties for cases under certain dollar thresholds. Settlement conferences are typical before trial. Case timing varies significantly—Philadelphia cases may take 3-5 years to trial, while some rural counties are faster.

Choosing a Personal Injury Attorney in Pennsylvania
What to look for in local representation

Pennsylvania attorneys are licensed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court through the Disciplinary Board. For personal injury representation, look for attorneys experienced in Pennsylvania's 51% modified comparative negligence rule, which bars recovery if you're more than half at fault.

The Pennsylvania Association for Justice (PAJ) is the state's leading organization for plaintiff attorneys. PAJ members typically have substantial trial experience and access to resources including verdict research databases and expert networks specific to Pennsylvania.

If injured in Philadelphia, consider attorneys familiar with the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, which has unique procedures and historically plaintiff-friendly juries. For medical malpractice, ensure your attorney understands Pennsylvania's venue rules, which were reformed in 2002 to limit forum shopping.

Pennsylvania has significant German, Italian, and Puerto Rican populations, and many attorneys offer services in Spanish and other languages. The state's Amish communities also sometimes require attorneys sensitive to their customs. Contingency fees typically range from 33-40%, with some variation by case type and complexity.

Understanding Pennsylvania's Statute of Limitations
Critical deadlines for your claim

Pennsylvania's statute of limitations for personal injury cases is 2 years from the date of injury under 42 Pa.C.S. § 5524. This applies to most negligence claims including automobile accidents, premises liability, and general personal injury matters.

Medical malpractice claims also have a 2-year statute of limitations but with a 7-year statute of repose (meaning claims generally cannot be filed more than 7 years after the medical act regardless of when discovered). The discovery rule can toll the statute when injuries weren't immediately apparent.

Claims against Pennsylvania governmental entities fall under the Political Subdivision Tort Claims Act, which provides limited waiver of sovereign immunity. Written notice must typically be given within 6 months. Minors' statutes are tolled until age 18, giving them until age 20 to file most personal injury claims.

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This calculator provides estimates only and is not legal advice. Laws in Pennsylvania are complex and individual case results vary. Consult a licensed Pennsylvania attorney for advice specific to your case.

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